Pigs fed GM grain suffer health problems, study says
喂转基因大豆玉米饲料的猪遭受健康问题，研究说
翻译、转载、推荐、评论者：陈一文（[email protected]）
《转基因技术与人类安全》研究专家、80年代前全国青联委员
《新浪网》“陈一文顾问博客”：http://blog.sina.com.cn/cheniwan
转载自《芝加哥先驱报》网站：
June 11, 2013|By Monica Eng | Tribune reporter
2013年6月11日，作者：莫妮卡·恩，先驱报记者
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Pigs fed a combination of genetically modified soy and corn suffer more frequent severe stomach inflammation and enlargement of the uterus than those who eat a non-GM diet, according to a new peer-reviewed long-term feeding study published Tuesday in the Organic Systems Journal. 喂养转基因大豆与转基因玉米混合饲料，与喂养非转基因饲料相比，遭受更为经常的严重胃炎症与更肥大的子宫，依据《有机系统杂志》周二发表的一个新的经同行审查了的长期喂养研究结果。 |
左面的胃来自喂转基因大豆、玉米饲料的猪，
右面来自喂非转基因饲料对照组
The five-month study combined “real on-farm conditions” with “strict scientific controls,” according to lead researcher Judy Carman of Flinders University in Australia.
这个五个月的研究，将“真实养猪场状况”与“严格科学对照”结合在一起，领导该项研究的研究者，澳大利亚Flinders大学居迪·卡尔曼说。
Using pigs was important not only because “we eat them,” but because humans and pigs share similar digestive systems, Carman said in a statement.
用猪做试验非常重要，不仅因为“我们吃猪肉”，而且因为人类与猪的消化系统类似，卡尔曼在一个声明中说。
“We need to investigate if people are also getting digestive problems from eating GM crops,” the statement said.
“我们需要调查研究人类吃转基因作物食品是否遭受消化性问题”，该声明说。
In pigs eating genetically modified crops, the average rate of severe stomach inflammation was nearly three times as high as that for other pigs (32 percent vs. 12 percent). Among male pigs eating a GM diet, the rate of severe stomach inflammation was four times higher.
在喂转基因作物饲料的猪中，严重胃炎症的平均发病率，为喂养非转基因饲料猪的近三倍高（喂转基因饲料32%：喂非转基因饲料12%）。在喂转基因饲料的雄猪中，严重胃炎症的平均发病率，比喂养非转基因饲料猪的四倍高。
“The results indicate that it would be prudent for GM crops that are destined for human food and animal feed … to undergo long-term animal feeding studies preferably before commercial planting, particularly for toxicological and reproductive effects,” concluded Carman and her colleagues, who include Iowa-based farmer as well as crop and livestock advisor Howard Vlieger.
“该项试验的结果表明，用做人类食品与动物饲料的转基因作物……在进行商业化种植前有必要做长期动物喂养研究，特别对毒理学与繁殖性影响”，卡尔曼与她的同事结论，该项研究的参加者包括爱荷华州农民与农作物与家畜顾问豪沃德·魏莱格。
Monsanto, the dominant manufacturer of genetically modified seeds, questioned why the study focused on uterine size and stomach inflammation rather than “body weight and feed conversion.” Those factors, it said, are “routinely used as endpoints in health assessments” and have “been measured in hundreds of studies where GM crops have been fed to poultry and livestock with no negative effects.”
孟山都，转基因种子巨头，对该项研究为什么集中关注子宫大小与胃的炎症，而不是“体重与饲料转化率”。那些因素，孟山都说，“常规用于健康评价的终点指标”而且“作为喂养转基因作物给家禽与家畜而没有发现负面影响的数百项研究的测量指标“。
To that Vlieger responds, “why would you not care what the GM feed does to vital organs and parts of the body?”
对此，魏莱格回应，“为什么你们（孟山都）不关心转基因饲料对身体至关重要的器官与部分的影响？”
Carman added that her findings on weight and feed efficiency largely matched those of Monsanto’s. “But we then went further and looked deeper than their superficial studies,” she said Tuesday, “and that’s when we found significant evidence of harm from eating GM crops.”
卡尔曼补充，他们对于体重与饲料转化的效率的发现与孟山都大致相同。“但是，我们的研究比他们（孟山都）肤浅的研究进一步而且观察的更深入。”
Monsanto representative Thomas Helscher said that many of the differences in health outcomes were “within normal range” and “considering the ages of the pigs, the author’s speculation about differing uterine weights might be the result of pigs in estrus (heat).”
孟山都的代表托马斯·赫勒斯彻说，健康结果中许多的差别“处于正常范围”，而且“考虑到猪的年龄，（该项研究的）作者们对于猪的子宫重量的差异，或许是猪处于发情期（发热）的结果。”
Carman responds that uterus weights can’t “be due to differing rates of estrus…as pigs were thoroughly randomized before they began their diet.”
卡尔曼对此回应，子宫的重量不可能“是哟与不同比率的发情所致……因为这些猪是完全随意挑选出来的，而后开始它们的饮食（试验）。”
David Edwards, who is the director of animal biotechnology for biotech industry trade organization BIO, questions the methodology and notes that overall stomach inflammation was more common in non-GM fed pigs, even though severe stomach inflammation was more common in the GM-fed group.
大卫·爱德华兹，生物技术产业贸易组织BIO的动物生物技术主任，质疑该项试验的方法并指出非转基因饲料喂养猪胃炎症总体上更为普遍，即便更为严重的胃炎症在转基因饲料喂养猪中更普遍。
And while researchers say they used a combination of GM grains (with traits that resist herbicide and deliver insecticide) to mirror how most hogs are fed, Edwards believes the combination muddies the specific origin of the outcome.
而且，对于研究者们说他们使用了两种不同转基因作物的混合饲料（具有抗草甘膦除草剂的性状与抗虫的性状）来反映大部分养猪场喂养猪的实际情况，爱德华兹相信，这种混合的饲料模糊了特定来源饲料的结果。
Dr. Michael Hansen, a senior scientist at Consumers Union, the advocacy arm of Consumer Reports, referred to the new study today during testimony before Massachusetts legislators in support of labeling of products with genetically modified ingredients.
迈克尔·汉森，消费者联合会的一位高级科学家，《消费者报告》的科学方面支持者，今天在他向马萨诸塞州立法者所做的支持对转基因成分产品进行标识的证词中，提到了这个新的研究。
“The new peer-reviewed long-term pig feeding study just published raises important concerns about possible health impacts of consuming genetically engineered corn and soy,” he said in a statement. “There have been very few animal feeding studies of GE food to date, and extremely few that lasted longer than 90 days.”
“刚刚发表的一项新的经同行审查的长期猪喂养研究，对食用转基因玉米与转基因大豆可能的健康影响引起了重要的担心”，他在一项声明中说。“到目前为止，只有很少转基因喂养动物研究，持续90天以上的研究更非常少。”
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Hansen also said in his testimony that intellectual property issues have prevented independent safety testing of genetically modified crops in the United States. Researchers must get permission from the biotech companies to obtain the seeds they would need for such studies, he said in a statement. 汉森在他的证词中还说，知识产权问题在美国阻止对转基因作物做独立的安全性试验。如果有必要进行这样的研究，研究者们必须从生物技术公司得到获得转基因种子的批准，他在一项生命中说。 |
The Center for Food Safety, a sustainable food advocacy group, has long bemoaned that long-term feeding studies are not required before GE foods enter the food supply. Today it called Carman’s findings “biologically and statistically significant,” mirroring “what many farmers have been reporting anecdotally for years.”
《食品安全中心》，推动可持续食品的支持者团体，一直抨击转基因食品进入食品供应前不要求做长期喂养试验。今天，他们称卡尔曼团队的发现“生物学与统计学意义重大”，充分反映了“多年来许多农民一直不断报告的情况”。
“This study raises serious questions about the long-term health impacts of genetically engineered foods,” said Andrew Kimbrell, the center’s executive director. “It is grossly negligent that neither the companies nor the government have conducted these rigorous types of studies in the 15 years that GE products have been on the market. Until further long-term, independent studies are done, the public are unwittingly participating in the safety testing of these products.”
“该项研究对转基因食品长期的健康影响提出了一系列严重的问题”，安德鲁·金贝勒，《食品安全中心》的执行主任说。“自从转基因产品进入市场以来的15年期间，无论（生物技术产业）公司或者政府都没有进行这样的严格类型的研究，这是极其严重的疏忽。直到进行了进一步长期的、独立的研究之前，公众不知情的参加了对这些产品的安全试验。”